Canadian Military History Guide - Manitoba 152 14 15 16 17 18 The GreatWar because they were not considered “citizens” of Canada and did not have the right to vote. In 1915, due to an acute shortage of manpower and pressure form Great Britain the official sanction to enroll Indigenous soldiers was granted by the Canadian government. Indigenous soldiers left a remarkable record of wartime accomplishment. Several were commissioned as officers, and served as battle-hardened leaders and combat instructors. At least 50 individuals were decorated for bravery on the battlefield. Some like Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow acquired near-legendary status as snipers or scouts. Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow, an Ojibwa from the Parry Island Band near Parry Sound, Ontario, received the Military Medal and two bars for his bravery and effectiveness as a sniper. Francis Pegahmagabow, is credited with 378 kills during his four years on the European front. Historical records indicate that Canada could claim eight of the top dozen snipers from all countries involved in the fighting. Other famous soldiers were Alexander Smith, Jr. and his brother Charles, the sons of Six Nations Cayuga chief Alexander G. Smith, were both awarded the Military Cross. Another famous solider was Tom Longboat who served as a dispatch runner. Many Indigenous soldiers returned from the war hoping that their sacrifice and achievements on the battlefield would lead to greater recognition and improved living conditions at home. Federal policy extended many post-war benefits to Indigenous veterans, but not as many as those accorded non-Indigenous. Nor did the war herald a broader breakthrough in civil liberties for First Nations. Many veterans, including Francis Pegahmagabow, became politically active in the protection of their communities and the advancement of First Nations rights. World-champion long-distance runner Tom Longboat bying a newspaper from a local French boy.
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